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 details .: download Author(s) Gonçalo Gutierres; TitleThe Ultrafilter Closure in ZF AbstractIt is well known that, in a topological space, the open sets can be characterized using filter convergence. In ZF (Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory without the Axiom of Choice), we cannot replace filters by ultrafilters. It is proven that the ultrafilter convergence determines the open sets for every topological space if and only if the Ultrafilter Theorem holds. More, we can also prove that the Ultrafilter Theorem is equivalent to the fact that uX = kX for every topological space X, where k is the usual Kuratowski Closure operator and u is the Ultrafilter Closure with uX(A) := {x ∈ X : (∃U ultrafilter in X)[U converges to x and A ∈ U]}. However, it is possible to build a topological space X for which uX \neq kX, but the open sets are characterized by the ultrafilter convergence. To do so, it is proved that if every set has a free ultrafilter then the Axiom of Countable Choice holds for families of non-empty finite sets. It is also investigated under which set theoretic conditions the equality u = k is true in some subclasses of topological spaces, such as metric spaces, second countable T0-spaces or {R}. Preprint seriesPré-publicações do Departamento de Matemática da Universidade de Coimbra Issue08-37 Year2008 CMUC Apartado 3008, 3001 - 454 Coimbra, Portugal T:+351 239 791 150 F:+351 239 793 069 cmuc@mat.uc.pt - developed by Flor de Utopia